Wednesday, October 30, 2013

The Immigrant

We find that with French we can hold interesting conversations. It's fun for him to practice English, and I appreciate him listening to my Arabic, but when we aren't necessarily looking to improve our language skills, French is our medium. We still stumble, but that's what makes our conversations charming. At one point Hicham wants to say “dice.” Instead of searching for the right word that I would understand, he flicks the lighter in the air, catches it, looks at it, and announces “five.” Immediately I understand his charade, and the conversation resumes. Shortly after I fall into a fit of laughter. Why the number five?

Together we make dinner for his last night in town. I fry some veggies while Hicham figures out how to prepare the sheep shoulder. Neither of us can cook well, but I've been experimenting and Hicham says he remembers seeing his ex-wife bake mutton. So we have some fun in the kitchen.

Hicham can be an intimidating. He is big; tall and muscular. His passion erupts with every punch he throws in kick boxing class. And he is so loud. Whether he is serious, or upset, or happy, he is so loud. I've never heard someone laugh harder. I've had neighbors tell me to be quiet on nights that Hicham comes over to hang out. However, behind his massive frame hides a philosopher, continually trying to work out his purpose in life.

He has let me into his thoughts, trusting that I won't think he is crazy. He worries about love, hoping to one day know a girl he can feel passion for. He worries about freedom, complaining that Moroccan culture limits his potential. Contemplating life's purpose since childhood, he has always felt different. While most other Moroccans found the answers within Islam, Hicham decided to look beyond religion. He studied biology at a University in Al Jadida, but struggled, and became frustrated with the education system. This followed with years of seeking pleasure through partying. When that did not fill his emptiness, he succumbed to family pressure and got married and had a boy. Again, he felt dissatisfied, lacking passion, feeling as though there was still another path out there that would lead to passion and happiness. He got divorced.

I have been told not to hang out with Hicham. Other friends of mine warn me that he is a little crazy and that I should be careful. He is a divorced father. He doesn't pray. He doesn't fast during Ramadan. From a Moroccan perspective these things are bad. Only a bad person would decide to not practice Islam. Only a bad person would see divorce as a solution. From an American perspective, however, I understand that Islam is not the only way. We don't agree on everything, but we listen to each other and learn.

After we eat my eggs and veggies, and my sweet potato fries, and his baked mutton, Hicham asks a favor from me. He is shy about it, but manages to politely ask for a suitcase. I agree to give him a backpack. He needs it. He is about to embark on the scariest of human experiences. Tomorrow, Hicham will board a flight to Istanbul and begin the clandestine life.

He is leaving everything to begin his search for freedom and happiness. He won't have shelter. He won't be able to communicate. Things will function according to a different set of rules. Everyone will be a stranger. He will be very alone. His existence will be illegal. No one will care about him. No one will love him. He will have no one to love.

But, he says he is excited. He says he is not afraid. He says he is so happy. He says he has been waiting his whole life for this. He says he needs things to function according to a different set of rules. He says he will find freedom and all the beautiful things in life.

Peace Corps is hard. Being an illegal North African immigrant in Europe is infinitely harder. Good luck Hicham. I hope you find your freedom. And thank you for showing me that migration is not always an act of desperation for the sake of survival, but sometimes an expression of freedom.

Hicham's best quotes:

“No freedom, No life.”

“If we could all get a Visa to go to Europe or America, there would be no one left in Morocco but the King.”

“Adventure is magic.”

and finally, in an attempt at English, while talking to me on the phone on his way to my house:
“I come in you.”




Sunday, October 6, 2013

Second Language Acquisition

I learn Arabic and I teach English. I have never focused so much thought on language. I fumble with sounds attempting to communicate information through Arabic. Every English lesson I teach leaves me surprised, realizing I can't always make sense of my own tongue. I feel the kids progress with their English and compare it to my level of Arabic. I'm dedicated to experiencing and understanding language acquisition, fueling a passion for language that seems to be fully surfacing for the first time in my life. This is great. I find passion hard to come by.

It's rewarding to intensely try to improve my Moroccan Arabic. Every little piece that brings me closer to fluency is precious to me, and applying those little pieces to effectively communicate is a rush. I have not taken extensive pauses from actively improving my Moroccan Arabic. Day to day I cannot feel a steady climb towards fluency, since the different tools building the language all receive sporadic practice, but from month to month, growth is almost traceable. So traceable, in fact, that I traced it. This is how I visualize my attempt to learn a language:


The 'Level of Mastery' does not begin at 'worthless,' the way it probably would with an infant. Information can be conveyed without any vocabulary, and simple phrases can be memorized in a day.

At first, second language acquisition gets off to a slow start. Everything is new, nothing feels related, and words are easily forgotten. Learning the language seems impossible.

Then, something begins to click. When enough vocabulary is built, it is easier to find relations that incorporate new grammar and vocabulary. Associations to new vocabulary allow words to stick easier. Patterns begin to feel natural with grammar. The knowledge of the language builds on itself, and the 'Level of Mastery' begins to accelerate over time. This is where I believe I am at with Moroccan Arabic and I don't expect my skills to taper off anytime soon.


Inevitably, the 'Level of Mastery' flattens. A child will continue towards 100% fluency, but an adult, almost always, will not. Linguists have proposed that a second language is an independent system that struggles to operate in the same fashion as a native language. It is more mechanical and less natural, and students are generally only able to approach the fluency of a native speaker. Learners struggle to let go of influences from their native language. Corrections are not made to awkward, yet understandable grammar. For some people complacency takes over and the rate of acquisition flattens. Sometimes people stop studying a language because their professional or personal life stops requiring it. Practically everyone who studies a new language will hit a ceiling, unable to achieve fluency. It can happen to beginner or advanced students coming from all sorts of internal and external blockages. Linguists refer to this phenomenon as fossilization. Its a sad ending to the trajectory, but at least it has a cool word to describe it. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlanguage).

In practice, my graph would not be so smooth. If you could actually measure 'Level of Mastery,' there would be all sorts of ups and downs and plateaus. How cool would it be to see those curves and their strange patterns? How would my inconsistent French studies compare to my more consistent shorter term Arabic studies? My graph for learning English as a child would shoot towards fluency. That has got to be one of my life's greatest achievements: learning English without understanding what the hell was going on.

For other foreign language learners out there: What would your graph look like? Did you experience different rates of learning? At what 'Level of Mastery' did you experience fossilization, if at all? Why did you experience fossilization?